The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) presents significant opportunities for the Blue Economy, with an estimated value of USD 333.8 billion. However, ongoing maritime insecurity is undermining these economic prospects. The region faces annual losses of approximately USD 1.14 billion due to various threats, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, illicit trafficking, mixed migration, piracy, and pollution. This figure represents about 5.7% of the gross marine product in the area.
Although incidents of piracy have decreased, persistent threats continue to impact coastal economies, public health, and marine ecosystems. The challenges posed by these threats require urgent attention, as they hinder the region’s potential for sustainable economic growth.
In response to these issues, regional initiatives such as the Maritime Security (MASE), Regional Fisheries Monitoring and Control (RMIFC), and Regional Cooperation Operations Centre (RCOC) have made strides in enhancing maritime security. However, these efforts are often dependent on short-term funding, which can limit their effectiveness and sustainability.
The report identifies key threats and emerging risks while detailing regional responses. It also provides recommendations aimed at establishing a robust, regionally owned maritime security framework to ensure the WIO can fully realize its Blue Economy potential.
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