India’s Evolution from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visits to Thailand and Sri Lanka align with India’s strategic maritime vision, marking a transition from the SAGAR initiative to the MAHASAGAR framework. These diplomatic efforts signal India’s commitment to becoming a key security partner in the Global South, enhancing its role in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which is critical for global trade and energy, handling 80% of India’s crude oil imports and 95% of its trade. Given the vulnerabilities in the region, India aims to strengthen maritime security and engage with countries across South Asia, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

India’s naval initiatives, such as the Indian Ocean Ship SAGAR and partnerships with African nations, reflect a growing emphasis on naval diplomacy to boost regional security. The country is actively expanding defense exports to Southeast Asia and has invested in joint defense production with Thailand and Malaysia. As part of enhancing Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), India has signed agreements to share shipping information and established the Information Fusion Centre – IOR, facilitating better maritime security collaboration.

To tackle traditional and non-traditional security threats, including piracy and climate change, India is enhancing its naval capabilities and fostering strategic partnerships. While progress has been made, effective implementation of MAHASAGAR and regional cooperation remains challenging. Coordinated efforts among Indian ministries and consensus-building among IOR nations are essential for integrated ocean governance. By linking security, economic growth, and sustainability, India positions itself as a crucial player in the future of the Global South.

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