In the Western Indian Ocean, maritime threats have significant economic implications, costing the region approximately $1.14 billion annually. This figure represents about 5.7% of the gross marine product, impacting activities tied to the blue economy, which is crucial for the area’s economic stability. A recent report by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa highlights five major contributors to these losses, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which alone results in annual losses of $246.3 million.
While piracy and armed robbery have decreased since the early 2010s, they still necessitate protective measures, which cost an estimated $164 million in 2021. Other significant threats include illicit trafficking, resulting in $330 million in losses, and maritime migration, which incurs costs of about $300 million related to rescue operations and humanitarian efforts. Environmental hazards, such as oil spills and chemical pollution, add another $100 million to the annual economic burden.
To combat these challenges, the report suggests integrating maritime security into blue economy policies and enhancing regional surveillance through better data sharing. It also advocates for coordinated maritime patrols and the establishment of a permanent task force to address illegal activities, emphasizing the need for stronger regional collaboration to protect the ocean’s resources.
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