Estonia’s Plan to Combat Russia’s Shadow Fleet Amid International Sanctions

Estonia’s prime minister announced plans to take action against Russia’s shadow tanker fleet if they fail to provide proof of insurance. This fleet is used by Russia to transport oil, arms, and grains in violation of international sanctions. A dozen Western countries, including Britain, Germany, and the Baltic states, have agreed to disrupt and deter Russia’s shadow fleet. Six of these countries will begin checking insurance documents of vessels in specific areas to ensure compliance.

The move to target Russia’s shadow fleet was praised by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, who highlighted the environmental threats posed by these aging oil tankers. Despite Western pressure, Russia continues to reject limitations on its oil exports, leading to an increase in the number of tankers operating outside the regulations of Western providers. Britain and the EU have sanctioned multiple vessels from the shadow fleet, but there are limitations to how much they can impact these operations due to international maritime laws.

Leaders meeting in Tallinn acknowledged the challenges in addressing the shadow fleet, as international laws grant significant freedom for ships to sail in international waters. Norway’s Prime Minister suggested invoking the “right of suspicion” to board and inspect vessels as a way to strengthen regulations. Recent incidents, such as a shadow fleet vessel breaking in half and another running aground in the Black Sea, highlight the dangers posed by these aging tankers. Swedish Prime Minister emphasized the importance of upholding international navigation rules while taking necessary steps to address Russia’s actions.

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