CIMAC Working Group 17, focusing on gas engines, has unveiled a new guideline detailing the use of alternative fuels—including hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and ethanol—in modern marine and stationary gas engines. Emphasizing the need for specialized skills, the report asserts that personnel must be trained to safely handle these new fuel types. A section dedicated to safety addresses significant risks associated with each fuel.
Anhydrous ammonia poses particular dangers due to its hygroscopic nature; it seeks moisture from its surroundings, including human tissues, leading to severe caustic burns. Exposure can result in freezing burns upon contact with skin and can be fatal at concentrations as low as 2,000-3,000 ppm within half an hour. Even higher levels (5,000-10,000 ppm) can quickly lead to serious respiratory issues and death.
Methanol is also highly toxic, with lethal doses ranging from 30 to 240 mL. Ingestion and skin absorption present significant risks, as even minimal contact can cause permanent visual damage. Ethanol, while less toxic, can still lead to various health issues at concentrations around 1,000 ppm, necessitating caution to avoid dizziness and irritation. The full guideline is accessible here.
