On August 18, 2025, the Government enacted the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025, aimed at modernizing maritime governance in line with international standards. This new legislation replaces the outdated Merchant Shipping Act of 1958, which struggled to address contemporary maritime challenges. Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, emphasized that the Act positions India as a reliable maritime trade hub.
The Act, consisting of 16 Parts and 325 clauses, aligns Indian shipping regulations with key international conventions, including SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, and MLC. It mandates the registration of all Indian vessels and establishes a National Shipping Board to enhance maritime administration, overseen by a new Director-General of Maritime Administration.
Key provisions focus on seafarer rights, setting a minimum employment age of 16 and requiring medical fitness, training, and employment agreements. The Act also enforces compliance with international safety standards and environmental protections, mandating pollution prevention measures. Liability frameworks for maritime accidents are established, including mandatory insurance coverage for pollution incidents.
In addressing maritime casualties, the legislation outlines protocols for emergency responses and wreck removal, holding ship owners accountable. Violations incur fines and imprisonment, ensuring robust enforcement of the new regulations.
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