The International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (2010 HNS Convention) will take effect on November 29, 2027. This milestone addresses the growing transport of chemicals and alternative fuels by sea. The treaty’s conditions were met on May 29, 2026, allowing for its implementation 18 months later. IMO Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez highlighted the importance of this treaty, stating it will provide fair compensation for those affected by hazardous cargo incidents.
To activate the 2010 HNS Protocol, at least 12 states must express consent, including four with a minimum of 2 million gross tonnage. Currently, 12 states have ratified the protocol, with nine exceeding the tonnage requirement. Reports confirm that the necessary cargo threshold of over 40 million tonnes was achieved in 2025.
The convention addresses various damages, including loss of life, property damage, and environmental harm caused by over 2,000 hazardous substances transported by sea. Shipowners will face strict liability and must maintain certified insurance. An HNS Fund will also provide additional compensation once the shipowner’s liability is exhausted, capped at approximately USD 360 million per incident.
